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CentOS 安装 Docker

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CentOS 安装 Docker 后，可以方便的使用 Docker 安装其他系统所需的运行环境。

刚安装的CentOS 8服务器，在使用一些常见命令时，发现找不到这些命令，然后使用yum在线安装这些命令时报错：【错误：为仓库 ‘appstream’ 下载元数据失败 : Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist】
在网上查阅资料得知，CentOS Linux 8 版本的操作系统结束了生命周期（EOL），Linux 社区不再维护该版本的操作系统，CentOS Linux 8 的镜像及yum源一起迁移到了 https://vault.centos.org

原因已经明确了，CentOS 8 的yum源失效了，那就更新下yum源呗，下边提供几个解决方案供参考。

将yum源改为国内的，方法都类似，以mirrors.aliyun.com 为例：
1）编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 中的相应文件，在 mirrorlist= 开头行前面加 # 注释掉；并将 #baseurl= 开头行取消#注释
2）对于 CentOS 8 之前版本，把域名及路径 mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever替换为 mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/$minorver
3）对于 CentOS 8 版本，把域名及路径 mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever替换为 mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/$minorver
（$minorver 为 centos 完整版本号，如 CentOS 7 的最后一个版本为 7.9.2009，CentOS 8 的最后一个版本为 8.5.2111）
具体命令如下：

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# Centos 8 之前版本
# 以 CentOS 7.9.2009 为例
minorver=7.9.2009
sudo sed -e "s|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g" \
         -e "s|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/\$releasever|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/$minorver|g" \
         -i.bak \
         /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo

# CentOS 8 版本
# 以 CentOS 8.5.2111 为例
minorver=8.5.2111
sudo sed -e "s|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g" \
         -e "s|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/\$contentdir/\$releasever|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/$minorver|g" \
         -i.bak \
         /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo

配置文件中，如果需要启用一些 repo，需要将其中的 enabled=0 改为 enabled=1，enabled 省略默认等效为 enabled=1
在切换yum源后，如果之前的yum源在本地有缓存，需要先清理下缓存 yum clean all，然后如果有需要再重新更新缓存 yum makecache
不推荐不同的yum源混用，可能会在软件升级等操作中出现一些未知错误！

安装 Docker 所需要的依赖

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# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:28 ago on Fri 12 Jan 2024 10:52:40 AM CST.
Package device-mapper-persistent-data-0.9.0-4.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package lvm2-8:2.03.12-10.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================================================================
 Package                        Architecture                Version                           Repository                   Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 yum-utils                      noarch                      4.0.21-3.el8                      baseos                       73 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 73 k
Installed size: 22 k
Downloading Packages:
yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm                                                               528 kB/s |  73 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                           522 kB/s |  73 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch                                                                          1/1 
  Running scriptlet: yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch                                                                          1/1 
  Verifying        : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch                                                                          1/1 

Installed:
  yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch                                                                                                 

Complete!

添加阿里云仓库

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# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装 Docker

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# yum -y install docker-ce
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Docker CE Stable - x86_64                       203 kB/s |  52 kB     00:00
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                   Arch   Version                Repository        Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 docker-ce                 x86_64 3:24.0.7-1.el8         docker-ce-stable  24 M
Installing dependencies:
 container-selinux         noarch 2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9
                                                         appstream         54 k
 containerd.io             x86_64 1.6.26-3.1.el8         docker-ce-stable  35 M
 docker-ce-cli             x86_64 1:24.0.7-1.el8         docker-ce-stable 7.2 M
 fuse-common               x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8           baseos            21 k
 fuse-overlayfs            x86_64 1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101
                                                         appstream         73 k
 fuse3                     x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8           baseos            50 k
 fuse3-libs                x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8           baseos            94 k
 libcgroup                 x86_64 0.41-19.el8            baseos            70 k
 libslirp                  x86_64 4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101
                                                         appstream         70 k
 slirp4netns               x86_64 1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101
                                                         appstream         51 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 docker-buildx-plugin      x86_64 0.11.2-1.el8           docker-ce-stable  13 M
 docker-ce-rootless-extras x86_64 24.0.7-1.el8           docker-ce-stable 4.9 M
 docker-compose-plugin     x86_64 2.21.0-1.el8           docker-ce-stable  13 M
Enabling module streams:
 container-tools                  rhel8

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  14 Packages

Total download size: 97 M
Installed size: 370 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/14): libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b1 304 kB/s |  70 kB     00:00
(2/14): container-selinux-2.167.0-1.module_el8. 229 kB/s |  54 kB     00:00
(3/14): fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+8 283 kB/s |  73 kB     00:00
(4/14): slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+ 434 kB/s |  51 kB     00:00
(5/14): fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm           405 kB/s |  50 kB     00:00
(6/14): fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm     122 kB/s |  21 kB     00:00
(7/14): libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64.rpm        337 kB/s |  70 kB     00:00
(8/14): fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm      337 kB/s |  94 kB     00:00
(9/14): docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el8.x86_6 867 kB/s |  13 MB     00:15
(10/14): docker-ce-cli-24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64.rpm  866 kB/s | 7.2 MB     00:08
(11/14): docker-ce-24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                           856 kB/s |  24 MB     00:28
(12/14): docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                           828 kB/s | 4.9 MB     00:06
(13/14): containerd.io-1.6.26-3.1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                     865 kB/s |  35 MB     00:41
(14/14): docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                               876 kB/s |  13 MB     00:14
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                2.2 MB/s |  97 MB     00:44
Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                                             13 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00
Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:
 Userid     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
 Fingerprint: 060A 61C5 1B55 8A7F 742B 77AA C52F EB6B 621E 9F35
 From       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                             1/1
  Installing       : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el8.x86_64                                                  1/14
  Running scriptlet: docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el8.x86_64                                                  1/14
  Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                           2/14
  Installing       : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                           2/14
  Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                           2/14
  Installing       : containerd.io-1.6.26-3.1.el8.x86_64                                                        3/14
  Running scriptlet: containerd.io-1.6.26-3.1.el8.x86_64                                                        3/14
  Installing       : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el8.x86_64                                                   4/14
  Running scriptlet: docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el8.x86_64                                                   4/14
  Installing       : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                        5/14
  Running scriptlet: docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                        5/14
  Running scriptlet: libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64                                                               6/14
  Installing       : libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64                                                               6/14
  Running scriptlet: libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64                                                               6/14
  Installing       : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                             7/14
  Running scriptlet: fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                             7/14
  Installing       : fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                            8/14
  Installing       : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                                  9/14
  Installing       : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                 10/14
  Running scriptlet: fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                 10/14
  Installing       : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                       11/14
  Installing       : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                    12/14
  Installing       : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                             13/14
  Running scriptlet: docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                             13/14
  Installing       : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                           14/14
  Running scriptlet: docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                           14/14
  Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                          14/14
  Running scriptlet: docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                           14/14
  Verifying        : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch                           1/14
  Verifying        : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                  2/14
  Verifying        : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                        3/14
  Verifying        : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64                                     4/14
  Verifying        : fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                            5/14
  Verifying        : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                                  6/14
  Verifying        : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64                                                             7/14
  Verifying        : libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64                                                               8/14
  Verifying        : containerd.io-1.6.26-3.1.el8.x86_64                                                        9/14
  Verifying        : docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el8.x86_64                                                  10/14
  Verifying        : docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                           11/14
  Verifying        : docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                                       12/14
  Verifying        : docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64                                             13/14
  Verifying        : docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el8.x86_64                                                 14/14

Installed:
  container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch
  containerd.io-1.6.26-3.1.el8.x86_64
  docker-buildx-plugin-0.11.2-1.el8.x86_64
  docker-ce-3:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64
  docker-ce-cli-1:24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64
  docker-ce-rootless-extras-24.0.7-1.el8.x86_64
  docker-compose-plugin-2.21.0-1.el8.x86_64
  fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64
  fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64
  fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64
  fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64
  libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64
  libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64
  slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64

Complete!

启动 Docker

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# systemctl start docker
# docker info
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:    24.0.7
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.11.2
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v2.21.0
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 24.0.7
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Using metacopy: false
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 3dd1e886e55dd695541fdcd67420c2888645a495
 runc version: v1.1.10-0-g18a0cb0
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: builtin
 Kernel Version: 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 8
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 2
 Total Memory: 1.678GiB
 Name: iZ7xvfhhgkw6gw7larw760Z
 ID: 26a237c9-fb55-4ccb-87ed-6a5881d52537
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

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参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/B11050729/article/details/131382641

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