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CentOS 7 安装 MySQL 5.7

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CentOS 7 安装MySQL5.7

一、安装包下载

下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads

国内可以使用163镜像加速下载：http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/

选择相应的平台和版本下载

二、安装

1.将下载好的安装到解压到/usr/local目录下

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tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

2.进入/usr/local目录

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cd /usr/local/

3.为mysql安装目录创建软链接

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ln -s mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4.为centos添加mysql用户组和mysql用户(-s /bin/false参数指定mysql用户仅拥有所有权，而没有登录权限)

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groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

5.进入安装mysql软件的目录，命令如下

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cd /usr/local/mysql

6.修改当前目录拥有者为新建的mysql用户，命令如下：

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chown -R mysql:mysql ./

7.安装mysql，命令如下：

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./bin/mysqld --lower-case-table-names=1 --user=mysql --tmpdir=/tmp --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 
#  若需要初始化 root 无密码，则需要将 initialize 改为 initialize-insecure

可能会出现如下错误

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./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决方法

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 yum install -y libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
base                                                                                                                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                                                                                                            | 5.3 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                                          | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                         | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                   | 977 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                               | 200 kB  00:00:00     
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                              | 5.7 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                   | 6.7 MB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                   Arch                                      Version                                             Repository                               Size
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 libaio                                    x86_64                                    0.3.109-13.el7                                      base                                     24 k

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 24 k
Installed size: 38 k
Downloading packages:
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                |  24 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                        1/1 
  Verifying  : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                        1/1 

Installed:
  libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7                                                                                                                                                       

Complete!

如果出现如下所示则为安装成功

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2019-05-20T14:14:00.607305Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-05-20T14:14:00.643051Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-05-20T14:14:00.833733Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 83d6fb34-7b09-11e9-96b7-000c2932f18d.
2019-05-20T14:14:00.892413Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-05-20T14:14:00.893234Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: sBN18?Wq&>>I
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309353Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309376Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309382Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309392Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309395Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309400Z 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309416Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
2019-05-20T14:14:01.309420Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.

其实已经生成了root的临时账号：

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A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: sBN18?Wq&>>I

8.开启mysql服务，命令如下：

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./support-files/mysql.server start

或者

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mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

如果出现文件不存在错误，则说明mysql配置文件/etc/my.cnf中的路径不对，修改内容如下，datadir和socket都修改成mysql的安装目录下，增加[client]板块，用于命令行连接mysql数据库。

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#在etc下新建配置文件my.cnf，并在该文件内添加以下配置
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4 
[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
#skip-grant-tables
#设置3306端口
port = 3306 
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 关闭 mysqlx 插件
mysqlx=0
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
# 指定编码
character-set-client-handshake=FALSE 
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

# 开启ip绑定
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
 
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB 
# 设置忽略大小写
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

# 主从复制配置
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
relay_log_recovery = ON
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE


[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysqld.pid
 
#指定客户端连接mysql时的编码设置
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

创建相应目录并赋权

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mkdir -p /var/log/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql 
mkdir -p /var/run/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysql

9.重新启开启mysql服务，如下所示则开启成功！

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./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

10.将mysql进程放入系统进程中，命令如下：

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cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

11.重新启动mysql服务，命令如下：

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service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

修改文件权限

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chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

设置开机启动

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chkconfig mysqld on

启动、停止命令

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service mysqld start/stop

12.配置mysql环境变量

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vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

保存退出，再编译下：

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source /etc/profile

13.使用随机密码登录mysql数据库，命令如下：

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mysql -u root -p

输入密码回车可能出现如下错误

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mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)

查看是否系统自带的mariadb

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rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

卸载系统自带的mariadb

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yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

可能出现如下错误

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mysql -uroot -p
mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

安装相关依赖

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 yum install  libncurses.so.5
Last metadata expiration check: 0:11:30 ago on Tue 07 Jan 2020 07:57:07 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                  Arch                                        Version                                                 Repository                                      Size
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ncurses-compat-libs                                      i686                                        6.1-7.20180224.el8                                      BaseOS                                         350 k
Installing dependencies:
 glibc32                                                  x86_64                                      2.28-42.1.el8                                           AppStream                                      1.5 M
 libgcc                                                   i686                                        8.2.1-3.5.el8                                           BaseOS                                          84 k
 libstdc++                                                i686                                        8.2.1-3.5.el8                                           BaseOS                                         485 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  4 Packages

Total download size: 2.4 M
Installed size: 8.3 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): libgcc-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686.rpm                                                                                                                                                72 kB/s |  84 kB     00:01    
(2/4): glibc32-2.28-42.1.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                            596 kB/s | 1.5 MB     00:02    
(3/4): libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686.rpm                                                                                                                                            180 kB/s | 485 kB     00:02    
(4/4): ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686.rpm                                                                                                                             227 kB/s | 350 kB     00:01    
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                                              510 kB/s | 2.4 MB     00:04     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                                                           1/1 
  Installing       : libgcc-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                                                                                                                                                                 1/4 
  Running scriptlet: libgcc-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                                                                                                                                                                 1/4 
  Installing       : glibc32-2.28-42.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              2/4 
  Running scriptlet: glibc32-2.28-42.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              2/4 
  Installing       : libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                                                                                                                                                              3/4 
  Running scriptlet: libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                                                                                                                                                              3/4 
  Installing       : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686                                                                                                                                               4/4 
  Running scriptlet: ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686                                                                                                                                               4/4 
  Verifying        : glibc32-2.28-42.1.el8.x86_64                                                                                                                                                              1/4 
  Verifying        : libgcc-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                                                                                                                                                                 2/4 
  Verifying        : libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                                                                                                                                                              3/4 
  Verifying        : ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686                                                                                                                                               4/4 

Installed:
  ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-7.20180224.el8.i686                     glibc32-2.28-42.1.el8.x86_64                     libgcc-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                     libstdc++-8.2.1-3.5.el8.i686                    

Complete!

如果是 CentOS 8 还需要执行以下脚本

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ln -s /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5
ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5

输入随机密码登录成功：

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Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2010
Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

14.进入mysql操作行，为root用户设置新密码（比如设为123456）：

在13条已经登录的终端中输入如下命令：

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alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
# 或者
use mysql
update user set authentication_string=password('新密码') where user='root';

15.设置允许远程连接数据库，命令如下：

先选择数据库：

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use mysql
update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';

查看修改后的值：

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select user,host from user;

16.刷新权限，命令如下：

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flush privileges;

17、开启3306防火墙端口，然后即可远程连接mysql（因为我的防火墙是全部关闭，所以省略了这步）

18、如果还是无法远程连接，查看/etc/my.cnf

找到bind-address = 127.0.0.1这一行

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改为bind-address = 0.0.0.0即可

19、添加新的用户并授权

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CREATE USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'developer'@'%'  WITH GRANT OPTION ;
# REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON db1.* FROM 'developer'@'%'  ;
flush privileges;
谢谢你请我喝牛奶

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